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☀️ sun

the sun is a g-type main-sequence star (yellow dwarf) located at the center of the solar system. it contains ~99.8% of the total mass of the solar system and is the dominant source of energy, light, and gravitational influence for all orbiting bodies.

📊 physical properties

stellar type: G2V (yellow dwarf)

mass: 1.989 × 10³⁰ kg

radius: 696,340 km

diameter: 1,392,700 km

volume: 1.41 × 10¹⁸ km³

surface gravity: 274 m/s²

escape velocity: 617.7 km/s

age: ~4.6 billion years

🔥 temperature

core: ~15,000,000 °C

radiative zone: ~2–7 million °C

surface (photosphere): ~5,500 °C

corona: ~1–3 million °C

🧪 composition

hydrogen: ~73%

helium: ~25%

heavier elements: ~2%

⚡ structure

core (fusion zone)

radiative zone

convective zone

photosphere (visible surface)

chromosphere

corona (outer atmosphere)

🌞 activity

nuclear fusion: hydrogen → helium

solar wind: continuous plasma outflow

sunspots: magnetic activity regions

solar flares: sudden energy bursts

coronal mass ejections: large plasma eruptions

🌍 role in solar system

holds all planets in orbit via gravity

source of nearly all energy on earth

drives space weather and auroras

dominates solar system mass distribution (~99.8%)